Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS) is a type of dementia that is common amongst the oldest-old. Despite its importance, relatively little is known about the disease and there are no biomarkers. HS is a mimic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to its similar symptomatic profiles. We have multiple projects looking at HS including our RO1 grant, where we will adopt multi-faceted approach to enable diagnose of this condition during life and to identify its risk factors. Related projects include identification of new neuropsychological tests that specifically rely on the neural substrate of hippocampal sclerosis i.e. CA1 region of hippocampus, and post mortem MRI project.