Modeling Alzheimer’s risk using human TREM2-knockout microglia

Amanda McQuade from Dr. Mathew Blurton-Jones’s lab discusses her protocol for differentiating microglia from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the use of these microglia in vivo and in vitro to uncover the mechanisms of immune activation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the 2020 Nature Communications paper “Gene Expression and Functional Deficits Underlie TREM2-Knockout Microglia Responses in Human Models of Alzheimer’s Disease“.

To watch the webinar hosted by StemCell Technologies, click Here.

Morgan Coburn Awarded Prestigious Pedagogical Fellowship

Pedagogical Fellows are a group of productive apprentice scholars who also have an interest in providing superlative instruction in their roles as Teaching Assistants.

Fellows are selected through a competitive process based on teaching evaluations, letters of recommendation, and demonstrated interest in pedagogy. They commit to additional coursework and training in order to learn more about pedagogy in higher education, educational trends, and how to better prepare for the academic job market. They also provide an important service to the academic community by designing and implementing discipline-specific training for new TAs in their departments and Schools.

With their skills, experience, and increased self-confidence, the Pedagogical Fellows have been successful in securing professorial and professional positions in which they are interested.

Congratulations Morgan Coburn!

Dr. Christel Claes awarded 2020 Brightfocus Grant

Examining how the TREM2 R47H mutation effects microglial lipid content and the interactions between human microglia and AD pathology within the brain

Christel Claes, PhDAlzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior, and so far we don’t understand this disease well enough to find a cure to help these patients. In our proposal, we want to increase our understanding of this disease by studying microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, and a gene called TREM2 which when mutated can significantly increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Our recent studies show that when we transplant healthy human stem cell-derived microglia carrying a normal version of TREM2 into the brain of Alzheimer mice that develop amyloid plaques (a main characteristic of this disease), human microglia near the plaques show similarities to peripheral ‘foam cells’, which are immune cells filled with lipids and linked with another disease called “atherosclerosis”. As TREM2 is a lipid-sensor expressed by microglia, we now want to study the lipid content and the reaction of human microglia that carry the TREM2 R47H mutation to amyloid plaques in this specialized mouse model, to greatly improve our understanding of how this mutation can increase Alzheimer’s risk, which will in turn allow scientists to find treatments that increase the functionality of microglia to protect our brain from the damage caused by these amyloid plaques.

UCI MIND Researchers Use Human Stem Cell Models To Understand Immunity In Alzheimer’s Disease

Amanda McQuade, a graduate student in Mathew Blurton-Jones’ lab at UCI MIND, discusses findings from their new study using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), donated from participants at the UCI Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, and CRISPR gene editing to improve understanding of the role of immunity in Alzheimer’s disease. Click below to view the video, and access the publication at this link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19227-5

McQuade et al. publish in Nature Communications

Gene expression and functional deficits underlie TREM2-knockout microglia responses in human models of Alzheimer’s disease

The discovery of TREM2 as a myeloid-specific Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk gene has accelerated research into the role of microglia in AD. While TREM2 mouse models have provided critical insight, the normal and disease-associated functions of TREM2 in human microglia remain unclear. To examine this question, we profile microglia differentiated from isogenic, CRISPR-modified TREM2-knockout induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. By combining transcriptomic and functional analyses with a chimeric AD mouse model, we find that TREM2 deletion reduces microglial survival, impairs phagocytosis of key substrates including APOE, and inhibits SDF-1α/CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis, culminating in an impaired response to beta-amyloid plaques in vivo. Single-cell sequencing of xenotransplanted human microglia further highlights a loss of disease-associated microglial (DAM) responses in human TREM2 knockout microglia that we validate by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these studies reveal both conserved and novel aspects of human TREM2 biology that likely play critical roles in the development and progression of AD.

 

How CRISPR Is Revolutionizing Our Study Of Complex Diseases, Like Alzheimer’s

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Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Dr. Jennifer A. Doudna make history as the first all-female team to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their pioneering discovery of CRISPR-Cas9, a highly specific and efficient genome editing technology.

You can read the full article by Jean Paul and Amanda at the following link: How CRISPR Is Revolutionizing Our Study Of Complex Diseases, Like Alzheimer’s.

Commentary On Flu And Pneumonia Vaccination And Reduced Risk Of Alzheimer’s Dementia

Vaccines have become one of the most discussed topics during the COVID-19 pandemic. From development to distribution, the whole world has their eyes on a new vaccine. However, promising new data has now brought common vaccines even to the forefront of discussion in the study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). At the 2020 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference this week (#AAIC20), newly presented data shows how flu and pneumonia vaccines may lower the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

To read the full article, click Here.

Morgan Coburn awarded Rose Hills Fellowship

The Rose Hills Foundation Scholarships will be awarded to meritorious graduate students who meet the following criteria are pursuing a graduate degree in the life or natural sciences, or engineering; are U.S. Citizens; and whose permanent address is in Southern California and reside South of the Tehachapi Mountains. Only students with University cumulative grade point averages of 3.5 or higher are considered.

Congratulations Morgan Coburn!

Congrats To UCI MIND Researchers On Highly Accessed AD Vaccine Paper

The journal Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, in celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the journal included a list of their 10 most accessed papers of the last year. A manuscript by UCI MIND researchers Hayk Davtyan, Morgan Coburn, David Cribbs, and Mathew Blurton-Jones made the list. Their article, “Testing a MultiTEP-based combination vaccine to reduce Aβ and tau pathology in Tau22/5xFAD bigenic mice” had been accessed by researchers more than 14,000 times! Congratulations to their team.

To read more, Dr. Davtyan spoke about the manuscript on page 7 of the Winter 2020 Newsletter.