Measures en Español (Spanish)

• Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS)
  • The PANAS was designed to measure affect in various contexts such as at the present moment, the past day, week, or year, or in general. The PANAS is based on a two-dimensional conceptual model of mood, where the full range of affective experiences are reflected along two broad dimensions of positive mood and negative mood
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063

• Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D)
  • The CES-D assesses multiple symptom clusters, including depressed affect, lack of hope, feelings of guilt and shame, and somatic symptoms with an emphasis on negative affect.
  • Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401.

• Derogatis Affects Balance Scale (DABS)
  • Developed as a multidimensional self-report mood inventory, the DABS assesses positive and negative affectivity, affective balance, and affective intensity. Primary use with the DABS is clinically ill populations.
  • Derogatis, L. R., & Rutigliano, P. J. (1996). The Derogatis Affects Balance Scale DABS. In B. Spilker (Ed.), Quality of life and pharmacoeconomics in clinical trials (2nd ed.) (pp. 107-118). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Rave.

• The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)
  • The PSWQ aims to measure the trait of worry. Research suggests that the instrument has a strong ability to differentiate patients with generalized anxiety disorder from other anxiety disorders.
  • Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the penn state worry questionnaire. Behavior Research and Therapy, 28, 487-495.

• State Trait Anxiety Inventory – Short (STAI-S)
  • The STAI is a commonly used measure of trait and state anxiety. It can be used in clinical settings to diagnose anxiety and to distinguish it from depressive syndromes.
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

• Measure of Attachment Qualities (MAQ)
  • The MAQ is a measure of adult attachment patterns.  It has separate scales to assess secure attachment tendencies and avoidant tendencies, and two scales reflecting aspects of the anxious-ambivalent pattern.
  • Carver, C. S. (1997). Adult attachment and personality: Converging evidence and a new measure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 865-883.

• Coping with Pregnancy
  • Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory (nuPCI). Developed for use in the repeated assessment of coping strategies over the course of pregnancy. Subscales: 3 (planning-preparation, avoidance, spiritual-positive coping) or 4 (preparation, avoidance, positive appraisal, and prayer).
  • Yali, A. M., & Lobel, M. (2002). Stress-resistance resources and coping in pregnancy. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 15(3), 289-309.

• Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
  • The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression (PPD); a distressing disorder more prolonged than the “blues” (which occur in the first week after delivery), but less severe than puerperal psychosis.
  • Cox, J.L., Holden, J.M. and Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 782-786.

• Feeding Interview
  • This measure asks the mother about their postpartum feeding practices. Some of the questions might have been derived from these CDC surveys.
  • For Breastfeeding and Infant Feeding Practices, CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/ifps/questionnaires.htm

• Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised
  • Designed to measure temperament in infants between the ages of 3 and 12 months. The IBQ-R assesses the following dimensions of temperament: activity level, distress to limitations, approach, fear, duration of orienting, smiling and laughter, vocal reactivity, sadness, perceptual sensitivity, high intensity pleasure, low intensity pleasure, cuddliness, soothability, falling reactivity,/rate of recovery from distress.
  • Gartstein, M. A., & Rothbart, M. K. (2003). Studying infant temperament via the revised infant behavior questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development, 26(1), 64-86.

• Infant Crying and Fussing Behavior Interview
  • A modified version of the Crying Patterns Questionnaire. Provides information about persistent infant crying, crying durations and patterns.
  • James‐Roberts, I. S., & Halil, T. (1991). Infant crying patterns in the first year: normal community and clinical findings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32(6), 951-968.

• Infant Health Assessment
  • Assess the baby’s health after leaving the hospital (infectious, allergic, and infant-specific diseases).

• Infant Health Interview
  • This measure asks the mother about labor, postpartum complications, and drug use.

• Infant Sleep Interview
  • Based on the Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Identification of sleep problems: (1) Infants classified into a sleep problem group/non sleep problem group according to Richman’s criteria (modified to include settling as well as waking problems): a settling or waking problem occurring 5 or more nights per week and of 2 or more months duration plus one or more of the following: (a) taking “30 minutes to settle; (b) waking three or more times per night; (c) waking for more than 20 minutes during the night; (d) sleeping in the parental bed because upset and won’t sleep three or more times per week; OR (2) infants classified into sleep problem group/non sleep problem group according to the mother’s view of whether or not they considered their child to have sleeping difficulties on a 4-point scale (no problem, mild problem, moderate problem, severe problem); maternal criteria of a sleep disorder was taken as those infants showing mild, moderate, or severe problems; OR (3) score ranging from 0 to 38 obtained by attributing a numerical score from 0–6 for question 1, 0–7 for question 2, 0–7 for question 4, 0–5 for question 5, 0–6 for question 6, and 0–7 for question 8
  • Morrell, J. M. (1999). The infant sleep questionnaire: a new tool to assess infant sleep problems for clinical and research purposes. Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 4(1), 20-26.

• Parenting Stress Index – Short Form (PSI) 36 items
  • The PSI-SF yields scores on the following subscales: 1) Parental Distress, 2) Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction, and 3) Difficult Child. 
  • Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index, Third Edition: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

• Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire Revised (PRAQ-R)
  • The 10-item Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire–Revised (PRAQ-R) is a widely used instrument to assess and identify pregnancy-specific anxiety in nulliparous women. It has good psychometric values and predictive validity for birth and childhood outcomes. Nonetheless, the PRAQ-R is not designed for use in parous women, as particularly one item of the questionnaire is not relevant for women who gave birth before.
  • Huizink, A. C., Delforterie, M. J., Scheinin, N. M., Tolvanen, M., Karlsson, L., & Karlsson, H. (2016). Adaption of pregnancy anxiety questionnaire-revised for all pregnant women regardless of parity: PRAQ-R2. Archives of women’s mental health, 19(1), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-015-0531-2

• Pregnancy Experience Scale
  • The Pregnancy Experiences Scale (PES) is designed to evaluate maternal appraisal of positive and negative stressors during pregnancy.
  • DiPietro, J. A., Ghera, M. M., Costigan, K., & Hawkins, M. (2004). Measuring the ups and downs of pregnancy stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 25, 189-201. 

• The Birth
  • Based on the T5 Interview- Multi-Site Behavior in Pregnancy Study (MSBIPS): 2001-2006. Details of birthing experience, complications, and discharge from hospital.
  • Sandman, Hobel, Dunkel-Schetter; Multi-Site Behavior in Pregnancy Study (MSBIPS): 2001-2006; https://cds.psych.ucla.edu/multi-site-behavior-in-pregnancy-study-msbips/

• Your Baby Questionnaire
  • Assess more infant behaviors (crying, anxiety, and fear).

• Acculturative Stress Scale:
  • The scale contains items measuring different sources and experiences of acculturative stress including: feelings of social isolation, conflicts arising from different values and beliefs of the host culture, conflicts between the individual’s values or goals and the expectations of their family, and finally, experiences of racism. 
  • Hanna Suh, Kenneth G. Rice, Chun-Chung Choi, Marieke van Nuenen, Yanmei Zhang, Yanina Morero, Debra Anderson, Measuring acculturative stress with the SAFE: Evidence for longitudinal measurement invariance and associations with life satisfaction, Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 89, 2016, Pages 217-222, ISSN 0191-8869, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.002.

• Demographics and Acculturation:

• Familism Scale:

• Simpatía Scale:
  • The Simpatía Scale is an 18-item self-report scale measure of simpatía, a Latino cultural value that emphasizes preferring and creating social interactions characterized by warmth and emotional positivity, while also avoiding conflict and/or overt negativity.
  • Acevedo, A. M. , Herrera, C. , Shenhav, S., Yim, I. S., & Campos, B. (2020). Measurement of a Latino cultural value: The Simpatía Scale. Journal of Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 26, 419-425.

Demographics typical to psychological research.

• Health Interview:
  • A 60-item questionnaire asking the participants about their health and pregnancy history. 

• Health Interview Medical Definitions:
  • A list of medical definitions to provide participants when they are completing the “Health Interview”.

• Intake Form:
  • A 7-item survey that asks participants about their mental and emotional state, caffeine and food consumption, and level of physical activity. 

• Multi-Dimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20):
  • The MFI is a 20-item scale designed to evaluate five dimensions of fatigue: general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced motivation, reduced activity, and mental fatigue. By limiting the length of the questionnaire, developers hoped to accommodate those individuals who might find larger measures especially tiring while still obtaining enough detailed information to examine multiple facets of fatigue.
  • Smets, E. M. A., Garssen, B., Bonke, B., & De Haes, J. C. J. M. (1995). The multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39 (5), 315–325

• Multi-Dimensional Health Locus of Control:
  • Scales have been developed to tap beliefs that the source of reinforcements for health-related behaviors is primarily internal, a matter of chance, or under the control of powerful others.
  • Wallston KA, Wallston BS, DeVellis R. Development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales. Health Educ Monogr. 1978 Spring;6(2):160-70. doi: 10.1177/109019817800600107. PMID: 689890.

• Physical Symptoms:
  • A 26-item questionnaire asking participants how frequently they experience certain symptoms such as: diarrhea, nausea, muscle aches, etc.

• Verbal Paired Associates I & II
  • A subset of measures from the Wechsler Memory Scale, a widely used clinical instrument designed to assess domains of memory, including short-term, long-term (declarative), and working memory.
  • (2011) WMS-IV. In: Kreutzer J.S., DeLuca J., Caplan B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_4272

• Life Orientation Test – Revised (LOT-R):
  • A 10-item measure of optimism versus pessimism.
  • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A re-evaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078.

• Ten Item Personality Item (TIPI):
  • The TIPI is a 10-item measure of the Big Five (or Five-Factor Model) dimensions.
  • Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (2003). A Very Brief Measure of the Big Five Personality Domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504 528.

• New General Self-Efficacy Scale:
  • An 8-item measure that assesses how much people believe they can achieve their goals, despite difficulties.
  • Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D (2001). Validation of a new general self-efficacy scale. Organizational Research Methods, 4(1), 62-83.

• The Social Ladder:
  • A single-item measure that assesses a person’s perceived rank relative to others in their group.
  • Adler, N. E., Epel, E. S., Castellazzo, G., & Ickovics, J. R. (2000). Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: Preliminary data in healthy, White women. Health Psychology, 19(6), 586-592.

• Inclusion of Self in Others (IOS):
  • A single-item to measure how close the respondent feels with another person or group.
  • Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), 596–612. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596

• Positive and Negative Social Exchanges Scale (PANSE):
  • Assess four domains of positive and negative social exchanges that have been found to be important in the literature. The four positive domains were informational support, instrumental support, emotional support, and companionship, and the four parallel negative domains were unwanted advice or intrusion, failure to provide help, unsympathetic or insensitive behavior, and rejection or neglect.
  • Newsom, J. T., Rook, K. S., Nishishiba, M., Sorkin, D. H., & Mahan, T. L. (2005). Understanding the relative importance of positive and negative social exchanges: examining specific domains and appraisals. The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 60(6), P304–P312. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.6.p304

• Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI):
  • A self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. Nineteen individual items generate seven “component” scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The sum of scores for these seven components yields one global score.
  • Buysse,D.J., Reynolds,C.F., Monk,T.H., Berman,S.R., & Kupfer,D.J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI): A new instrument for psychiatric research and practice. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193-213. The detailed scoring instructions are at the end of this journal article.

• Sleeping Questionnaire:

• Medical Outcomes Survey (MOS) – Social Support Survey:
  • The MOS Social Support Survey measures the availability of support, if needed, in several domains. It is a 19-item multidimensional, self administered instrument developed for patients in the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), a two-year study conducted at RAND of the process and outcomes of health care for patients with prevalent and treatable chronic conditions.
  • Mahmud, W. M., Awang, A., & Mohamed, M. N. (2004). Psychometric Evaluation of the Medical Outcome Study (MOS) Social Support Survey Among Malay Postpartum Women in Kedah, North West of Peninsular Malaysia. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 11(2), 26–33.

• Brief Coping:
  • The Brief-COPE is a 28 item self report questionnaire designed to measure effective and ineffective ways to cope with a stressful life event. “Coping” is defined broadly as an effort used to minimize distress associated with negative life experiences. The scale is often used in health-care settings to ascertain how patients are responding to a serious diagnosis. It can be been used to measure how someone is coping with a wide range of adversity, including a cancer diagnosis, heart failure, injuries, assaults, natural disasters and financial stress. The scale can determine someone’s primary coping styles as either Approach Coping, or Avoidant Coping. In addition, The following subscales are reported: Self-distraction, Active coping, Denial, Substance use, Use of emotional support, Use of instrumental support, Behavioral disengagement, Venting, Positive reframing, Planning, Humor, Acceptance, Religion, & Self blame.
  • Eisenberg, S. A., Shen, B. J., Schwarz, E. R., & Mallon, S. (2012). Avoidant coping moderates the association between anxiety and patient-rated physical functioning in heart failure patients. Journal of behavioral medicine, 35(3), 253-261.

• Life Events Scale:

• Perceived Stress Scale – 14 items:
  • For more information on the different translations of the PSS, please click here.
  • Versión española (2.0) de la Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) de Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983), adaptada por el Dr. Eduardo Remor

• Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS):
  • For more information on the different translations of this scale, please click here
  • Kobau, R., Sniezek, J., Zack, M. M., Lucas, R. E., & Burns, A. (2010). Well-being assessment: An evaluation of well‐being scales for public health and population estimates of well-being among US adults. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being, 2(3), 272-297. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01035.x