Here is some information about camera types. It is not exhaustive, but a good place to start!

Point and Shoot

Point and shoot, also called a compact camera, is the simplest recording tool currently on the market. There are many brands and different styles of cameras to choose from. The strongest point of these cameras is their simple mechanics. Even though point and shoots are mainly designed for taking quick photos, many of them have the capability to record video. Researchers interested in investing in a point and shoot should take a closer look at the video format of the camera.

HD Camcorder

Portable, self-contained devices with the primary function of video capture and recording. One highlighted feature is the zoom in and out capability and automated focus function.  It is commonly used for home videos and has a built-in mic that will pick up sound from various directions.

Flip-Cam

Simple handheld high-definition video recorders. Some models have built in memory; others work with a memory card. The mic is built in, but some also have the option of connecting an external mic. (The picture shows one brand, but many others are available).  It is very easy to transfer the video file onto a laptop or desktop computer.

Action Camera (e.g., Go Pro)

Go Pro is currently the most popular action camera on the market. It captures high-definition, wide angle footage. The machine is compact, lightweight, and rugged. One of the unique features is that it has different attachments to mount on various surfaces, including on windows, vehicles, and on people. Additionally, the camera comes with a waterproof casing allowing for recording underwater.

DSLR

DSLR or Digital Single Lens Reflex cameras is the ‘cheaper’ and popular choice for introductory filmmakers. Even though the device is built for photo, it has well-developed high definition filming capability. DSLRs have an interchangeable lens, so various framing and viewing angles are possible. Since many of the filming options are manual, a certain level of technical skills is necessary.

ENG Camcorders

ENG camcorders are the cameras seen with news reporters in the field. It is the most professional level device recommended for video research. ENG has a wide range of zoom in/out, so there is no need to purchase additional lenses. Generally the camera has a built in shot-gun mic that is acceptable in quality. It also has additional audio inputs, which allows the use and recording of other audio devices, such as a lavaliere mic, handheld mic, or additional shot gun mic.

Camera Type	Pros	Cons	Price range
Point & Shoot Camera	Simple and easy to use Fully automatic operation (auto focus, auto gain) Small and portable	Main purpose of the machine is for photos No control on filming operation Limited audio	$70 – $300
HD Camcorder	Simple and easy to use Wider range of focus and zooms Small and portable	Depending on the machine, the video format may require higher video editing software	$60 – $500
Flip-Cam	Simple and easy to use Simplest HD Camcorder Records in different HD formats	It can have limited zoom/focus ability depending on brand/model Requires specific video player on computer Lack of memory extension	$100 – $500
Go-Pro (Action Cam)	Very small HD camcorder Wide angle view Sturdy and lightweight designs Various ways to mount camera	Fixed lens length No live view window (there is a phone app for support) Short battery life Limited audio	$400 – $600
DSLR	‘Cheaper’ options for high end cinematography Option for different focal length (with lens purchase)	Need to purchase additional lens and camera accessories Manual operation Limited audio	$500 – $5000
ENG Camcorders	Wide range of zoom in/out Decent built in mic Input for additional sound equipment	Expensive Camera more bulky and more noticeable Requires more camera expertise to operate	$2000-$10000